A new health study is raising alarm over the safety of disposable menstrual products, with experts warning that women and girls are not being given enough information about safer, more affordable and sustainable options.
Researchers at the University of the Free State found hormone-disrupting chemicals in 16 sanitary pad brands and eight types of panty liners tested.
According to the study, prolonged use of these products could increase the risk of hormone imbalances, fertility complications, endometriosis and certain cancers.
The National Consumer Commission has since launched an investigation into nine sanitary towel brands to assess compliance with the Consumer Protection Act.
Meanwhile, Sherie de Wet, founder of local brand Palesa Pads, cautioned that current standards set by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) do not include specific requirements regulating chemical content in sanitary pads.
Medical expert Angelique Coetzee said there are four primary menstrual product options available: disposable pads, reusable washable pads, menstrual cups and period underwear.
She noted that while disposable products remain the most commonly used, regulation around chemical exposure remains limited. Reusable alternatives, she said, can be safer and more cost-effective over time but require access to basic facilities such as clean water, privacy and proper education on usage.
Coetzee explained that menstrual cups, for example, are considered safe and economical in the long term but may be challenging for younger girls or those without private, hygienic bathroom facilities. Reusable cloth pads are also practical and affordable, but similarly depend on access to water and private drying spaces.
She added that availability of alternatives remains limited in some communities, making informed choice difficult.
“Women and girls need clear information about the risks and the options available to them so they can decide what works best for their bodies, budgets and living conditions,” Coetzee said.
The findings have sparked broader calls for tighter regulation, improved labelling and greater public awareness because personal care, experts say, should not come with hidden health risks.