A recent study conducted by the University of the Free State has uncovered potential health risks in common menstrual products, including some marketed as chemical-free.
Researchers tested 16 widely used brands of sanitary pads and pantyliners and detected substances known to interfere with the body’s hormone system.
Deon Visser, Head of Chemistry at the university, explained that chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, and bisphenols mimic hormones in the endocrine system, potentially disrupting normal hormonal functions. “They look very similar to hormones in the body and mimic them, which can cause disruption,” Visser said.
Visser noted that these substances are not unique to menstrual products, but are also present in everyday items such as perfumes, plastics, and other personal care products. In menstrual products, they are typically used as plasticisers, antibacterials, preservatives, and stabilisers.
He emphasised that the issue is global and not limited to South Africa.
As safer alternatives, Visser recommended silicone-based menstrual cups and reusable sanitary pads. “Silicone cups work well, but they need to be properly cleaned with clean water and sterilised in a microwave to avoid other health risks,” he said.
The university is also working on developing sanitary towels with antibacterial properties through a multidisciplinary team of chemists, social scientists, and microbiologists, aiming to offer women safer options without compromising hygiene or convenience.