With soaring temperatures across much of South Africa, health experts are warning the public about the dangers of heat exposure and the importance of taking precautions.
“In hot and humid conditions, heat exhaustion can develop quickly, especially for those who are physically active or not drinking enough fluids,” said a health official. Children, older adults, and individuals with chronic conditions such as epilepsy, diabetes, or high blood pressure are particularly vulnerable. Certain medications, including diuretics, can also increase the risk of dehydration and heat stroke.
Heat stroke is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention. Normally, the body regulates temperature by releasing heat through the skin or by sweating. However, extreme heat and humidity can overwhelm this system, leading to heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Dehydration and overexertion further increase the risk.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion may include nausea, headache, vomiting, fatigue, muscle cramps, dizziness, and general body aches. Heat stroke occurs when body temperature reaches or exceeds 40°C and can present with additional symptoms such as dry, flushed skin, rapid pulse, difficulty breathing, confusion, unusual behaviour, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
“Immediate medical attention is crucial. While waiting for help, move the person to a cooler area out of direct sunlight, loosen or remove excess clothing, and if conscious, place them in a bath of lukewarm water. Cold water should not be used, as it can trap heat inside the body,” the official said.
Heat Safety Tips:
- Apply high-SPF sunscreen regularly, especially on children.
- Avoid outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day.
- Stay hydrated with water; avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks.
- Use sports rehydration drinks to replace electrolytes lost through sweat.
- Pay extra attention to vulnerable groups, including children and the elderly.
- Avoid antihistamines, diuretics, and alcohol when spending time in the sun.
- Never leave anyone or pets in a parked car, even briefly.
- Check the backseat of your vehicle each time you park to ensure no one is left behind.
Authorities stress that vigilance and preventive measures can save lives during the peak of South Africa’s hot season.